Past perfect tense（過去完成式）最核心概念講「過去的過去」。當你有兩件都發生喺過去嘅事，而你想清楚表示邊件先發生，就用 past perfect：
had + past participle
接下來等AfterSchool用最常考嘅規則、連接詞（before/after/by the time）同練習，幫你一次過搞掂Past perfect tense！
目錄
1) Past Perfect 係咩？
你可以當佢係「時間排序工具」！
1.1 表示較早發生的過去事件（過去的過去）
- When I arrived, the class had started. （我到達之前，堂已經開始咗）
- She was nervous because she had forgotten her notes. （她之前忘記帶筆記，所以緊張）
1.2 配合時間連接詞，清楚交代先後
最常見：by the time / before / after / when。
- By the time we got to the station, the train had left.
- I had finished my homework before dinner.
2) Past Perfect 公式及基本句型
過去完成式一律用 had（無論人稱）！
2.1 肯定句
- I had eaten.
- They had gone home.
- He had done his work.
2.2 否定句
- She hadn’t seen the email.
- We hadn’t met before.
2.3 疑問句（Yes/No）
- Had you finished when I called?
- Had they left already?
2.4 Wh- 問句
- Why had he left so early?
- What had she said?
3) Past Perfect 必考連接詞：before / after / by the time / when
3.1 by the time + past simple（主句多用 past perfect）
結構通常係：
- By the time +（較遲事件：past simple）,（較早事件：past perfect）
- By the time I got home, my parents had cooked dinner. （我到家（遲），父母已煮好（早））
3.2 before：通常「早」嗰件用 past perfect
- I had locked the door before I left.（離開前已鎖門）
3.3 after：可以用 past simple，但用 past perfect 更清楚
- After she had finished the report, she sent it to her boss.
（口語/簡化都常見）
- After she finished the report, she sent it.
考試寫作想清晰：用 past perfect 更穩陣！
3.4 when：常見句型（早：past perfect；遲：past simple）
- When the teacher came in, the students had already sat down.（老師入嚟（遲），學生早已坐低（早））
4) Past Perfect vs Past Simple（點分？）
4.1 只講一件過去事 → Past simple 已夠
- I lost my keys yesterday.
4.2 兩件過去事，想清楚表示「邊件先」→ Past perfect
- I realised I had lost my keys.（先：丟咗鎖匙；後：先至發現）
4.3 有明顯時間先後字眼（e.g. before/by the time）→ 常用 past perfect
- By the time we arrived, the movie had started.
5) Past Perfect 常見錯誤
5.1 誤用「had + 過去式」當 p.p.
- ❌ had went
- ✅ had gone
- ❌ had did
- ✅ had done
5.2 兩邊都用 past perfect（通常冇必要）
- ❌ By the time I had arrived, the train had left.
- ✅ By the time I arrived, the train had left.
一般規則：較遲嗰件用 past simple，較早嗰件用 past perfect。
5.3 already / just / ever 放位唔自然
常見自然位置：
- had already + p.p.
- had just + p.p.
- She had already finished.
- They had just arrived.
6) Past Perfect 練習題（Exercises）— 附答案
A) Fill in the blanks（用 past perfect：had + p.p.）
- When I arrived, the meeting ______ (start).
- She was tired because she ______ (not sleep) well.
- By the time we got to the cinema, the movie ______ (begin).
- I realised I ______ (leave) my wallet at home.
B) Choose the correct form（past perfect / past simple）
- After he ______ (finish / had finished) dinner, he went out.
- By the time the teacher came in, the students ______ (were / had been) quiet.
- I ______ (didn’t go / hadn’t gone) to that restaurant before last week.
C) Rewrite（用 past perfect 改寫，令先後更清楚）
- I ate breakfast. Then I left home.
- The train left. We arrived at the station.
✅ Answers（答案）
Part A
- had started
- hadn’t slept
- had begun
- had left
Part B
- had finished
- had been
- hadn’t gone
Part C（示範答案，多個版本都可）
- I had eaten breakfast before I left home.
- The train had left by the time we arrived at the station.
7) 何時要用 Past Perfect？
- 兩件都喺過去發生，但要講清楚先後 → 用 past perfect
- 常見提示：by the time, before, after, when, already, just
- 基本句型：had+p.p.had+p.p.
8) Past Perfect FAQ（常見問題）
8.1 Past perfect 一定要有兩件事先用？
最常見係兩件事，但有時一句都得：例如你想強調「到某一刻之前已經完成」。
- She was happy because she had passed the test.
8.2 「before」句係咪一定要 past perfect？
唔一定；如果語境已清楚先後，用 past simple 都得。但考試寫作要清晰、避免歧義，用 past perfect 通常更穩。
8.3 Past perfect 同 present perfect 有咩分別？
- Present perfect：由過去到而家有關連
- Past perfect：由過去到另一個過去時間點有關連（過去的過去）
